Fig. 1
From: When human guanylate-binding proteins meet viral infections
The direct antiviral functions of GBPs. a GBP1 suppresses the replication of EMCV, DENV, HSV-1, HCV, CSFV, PRRSV. GBP1 represses the genomic transcription of VSV by competitively binding to the VSV-N substituting for the VSV-P, inhibits the nuclear delivery of KSHV virions by disrupting the actin filaments, and inactivating the viral particle of HEV by targeting the viral capsid protein to the lysosomal compartment. b GBP2 inhibits the replication of VSV and EMCV, andorchestrates IFN-γ-mediated immune responses against MNV-1. GBP2 and GBP5 inhibit the replication of HIV, IAV, MLV, ZIKV, MeV, MARV and HERV-K by suppressing furin to reduce the diverse viral envelope glycoproteins. GBP5 prevents RSV replication by enhancing its SH protein release. c GBP3 inhibits the replication of the influenza virus by disrupting the viral polymerase complex to reduce viral RNA and protein synthesis. EMCV encephalomyocarditis virus, DENV dengue virus, HSV-1 herpes simplex virus type 1, HCV hepatitis C virus, CSFV classical swine fever virus, PRRSV porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus, VSV vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV-N nucleoprotein, VSV-L large protein, VSV-P phosphoprotein, KSHV Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, HEV hepatitis E virus, MNV-1 murine norovirus-1, HIV human immunodeficiency virus-1, IAV influenza A virus, MLV murine leukemia virus, ZIKV Zika virus, Mev measles virus, MARV Marburg virus, HERV-K human endogenous retrovirus K, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, SH small hydrophobic