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Table 2 Association of clinical symptoms relative to leptospirosis dengue co-infection

From: Clinical predictors of dengue fever co-infected with leptospirosis among patients admitted for dengue fever – a pilot study

Patient characteristics

 

Dengue-leptospirosis co-infection (n = 11)

Dengue infectionwithout leptospirosis (n = 257)

P-value*

Age

mean (years)

32.3 ± 9.4

30.8 ± 10.8

0.65

Day of fever onset

mean (days)

4.2 ± 2.8

4.7 ± 1.8

0.48

Gender

Male (%, n)

90.9(10)

57.6(148)

0.03*

Female (%, n)

9.1(1)

42.4(109)

 

Warning sign

Yes (%, n)

36.4(4)

39.7(102)

0.83

No (%, n)

63.6(7)

60.3(155)

 

Headache

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

4.3(11)

0.48

No (%, n)

63.6(7)

95.7(246)

 

Dengue infection phase

febrile

72.0(8)

74.7(192)

0.88

defervescence

27.3(3)

21.0(54)

 

critical

0(0)

1.6(4)

 

recovery

0(0)

2.7(7)

 

Severe dengue

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

1.2(3)

0.72

No (%, n)

100(11)

98.8(254)

Arthralgia

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

6.6(17)

0.38

No (%, n)

100(11)

93.4(240)

 

Vomiting

Yes (%, n)

9.1(1)

15.6(40)

0.56

No (%, n)

90.9(10)

84.4(217)

 

Epigastric pain

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

7.8(20)

0.34

No (%, n)

100(11)

92.2(237)

 

Abdominal pain

Yes (%, n)

9.1(1)

2.3(6)

0.17*

No (%, n)

90.9(10)

97.7(251)

 

Retro-orbital pain

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

1.2(3)

0.72

No (%, n)

100(11)

98.8(254)

 

Lethargy

Yes (%, n)

9.1(1)

2.7(7)

0.22*

No (%, n)

90.0(10)

97.3(250)

 

Shock

Yes (%, n)

9.1(1)

0.4(1)

0.001*

No (%, n)

90.9(10)

99.6(256)

 

Acute kidney injury

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

0.4(1)

0.84

No (%, n)

100(11)

99.6(256)

 

Gum bleeding

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

2.3 (6)

0.61

No (%, n)

100(11)

97.7(251)

 

Bleeding tendency

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

3.5(9)

0.53

No (%, n)

100(11)

96.5(248)

 

Hepatitis

Yes (%, n)

0(0)

11.7(30)

0.23

No (%, n)

100(11)

88.3(227)

 
  1. Bold numbers represent significant P value (<0.05)
  2. * Indicates variables with P value <0.25 which were selected for the mutiple logistic regression analysis